Provenance of the sedimentary rocks of the Bom Jardim Group (Neoproterozoic, Southern Brazil): Evidence from petrography, geochemistry and neodymium isotopes

André  Weissheimer de Borba; Anderson José  Maraschin; Fabio  de Lima Noronha; Júnia  Casagrande; Ana Maria  Pimentel Mizusaki

Autores/as

André Weissheimer de Borba Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Geociências (IG/UFRGS) Ministério Público do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Divisão de Assessoramento Técnico (DAT/MP-RS)
Anderson José Maraschin Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Geociências (IG/UFRGS)
Fabio de Lima Noronha Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Geociências (IG/UFRGS)
Júnia Casagrande Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Geociências (IG/UFRGS)
Ana Maria Pimentel Mizusaki Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Geociências (IG/UFRGS)

Palabras clave:

Neoproterozoic; Bom Jardim Group; Sedimentary rocks; Provenance; Nd isotopes

Resumen

Provenance studies are helpful in reconstructing the tectonic, climatic and geographic setting of terrigenous sedimentary basins. The primary controls on the composition of detrital sedimentary rocks are the composition, climate and relief conditions of the source areas, the transport mechanisms, and diagenesis. In order to constrain the provenance of the Neoproterozoic (ca. 600 - 580 Ma) sedimentary rocks of the Bom Jardim Group (Arroio dos Nobres Formation) in the Lavras do Sul (west), Bom Jardim (central) and Cerro da Árvore (east) areas, petrography, major and trace element geochemistry, and Nd isotopic data were analyzed together. The results indicate a clear lateral variation of provenance parameters. In the region of Lavras do Sul, near syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks of shoshonitic affinity (the Hilário Formation), the sandstones are epiclastic, plotting in the undissected and transitional arc fields of the QFL diagram, display relatively higher values of Na, Ba, Sr and Zr, and yield a ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio of 0.512263 and present-day ?_Nd of -7.32. In the Bom Jardim area, east of Caçapava do Sul, the sedimentary rocks are also dominated by volcanic fragments, but display significant values of metamorphic detritus. The relatively higher values of Cr, Co and Ni suggest some contribution of ophiolitic or lamprophyric source areas, while the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio is 0.511906 and the ?_Nd(0) is around -14.28. In the easternmost outcropping area, the Cerro da Árvore (or Piquiri) region, the sedimentary rocks are rich in metasedimentary clasts, with significant amounts of polycrystalline quartz fragments, plotting in the orogenic recycling field. Comparatively, the value of the K₂O/Na₂O ratio is higher, the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio is 0.511887 and the ?_Nd(0) is of -14.65, suggesting older and more acidic source rocks, probably constituents of the Porongos metamorphic complex.

Citas

Almeida, D.P.M., H. Zerfass, M.A.S. Basei, K. Petry and C.H. Gomes, 2002. The Acampamento Velho Formation, a Lower Cambrian Bimodal Volcanic Package: Geochemical and stratigraphic studies from the Cerro do Bugio, Perau and Serra de Santa Bárbara (Caçapava do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Gondwana Research 5:721-733.

Andersson, P.O.D., Å. Johansson and R.A. Kumpulainen, 2003. Sm-Nd isotope evidence for the provenance of the Skoorsteenberg Formation, Karoo Supergroup, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 36:173-183.

Awwiller, D.N. and L.E. Mack, 1991. Diagenetic modification of Sm-Nd model ages in Tertiary sandstones and shales, Texas Gulf Coast. Geology 19:311-314.

Babinski, M., F. Chemale Jr., L.A.Hartmann, W.R.Van Schmus and L.C. Silva, 1996. Juvenile accretion at 750-700 Ma in southern Brazil. Geology 24:439-442.

Ball, T.T. and G.L. Farmer, 1998. Infilling history of a Neoproterozoic intracratonic basin: Nd isotope provenance studies of the Uinta Mountain Group, Western United States. Precambrian Research 87:1-18.

Basu, A., 1985. Influence of climate and relief on the compositions of sands released at source areas. In: G.G. Zuffa (Ed.) Provenance of Arenites. NATO ASI Series C 148, Reidel, Dordrecht, 1-18.

Bitencourt, M.F.A.S. and L.V.S. Nardi, 1993. Late- to post-collisional Brasiliano magmatism in southernmost Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 65:3-16.

Borba, A.W. and A.M.P. Mizusaki, 2003. Santa Bárbara Formation (Caçapava do Sul, southern Brazil): depositional sequences and evolution of an Early Paleozoic post-collisional basin. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 16:365-380.

Borba, A.W., A.M.P. Mizusaki, D.R.A. Silva and K. Kawashita, 2003. Razões isotópicas 87Rb/86Sr, 87Sr/86Sr e 143Nd/144Nd como traçadores de proveniência de rochas sedimentares siliciclásticas: exemplos no Grupo Camaquã (Paleozóico inferior, RS, Brasil). Pesquisas em Geociências 30:39-50.

Borba, A.W., A.J. Maraschin and A.M.P. Mizusaki, 2004. Stratigraphic analysis and depositional evolution of the Neoproterozoic Maricá Formation (southern Brazil): constraints from field data and sandstone petrography. Gondwana Research 7:871-886.

Borba, A.W., A.M.P. Mizusaki, D.R.A. Silva, E. Koester, F.L. Noronha and J. Casagrande, 2006. Provenance of the Neoproterozoic Maricá Formation (Sul-rio-grandense Shield, southern Brazil): petrographic and Sm-Nd isotopic constraints. Gondwana Research 9:464-474.

Bossi, J. and C. Gaucher, 2004. The Cuchilla Dionisio Terrane, Uruguay: an allochtonous block accreted in the Cambrian to SW-Gondwana. Gondwana Research 7:661-674.

Caravaca, G., 1998. Estratigrafia, faciologia e proveniência dos Alogrupos Bom Jardim e Santa Bárbara na região de Encruzilhada do Sul, RS: uma contribuição à análise da Bacia do Camaquã. Unpublished M.Sc. Dissertation, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 274 pp.

Caravaca, G., Scherer, C.M.S., Paim, P.S.G. and L.A.D. Fernandes, 2003. Arquitetura deposicional dos depósitos de fluxos de gravidade de sedimentos do Vale do Piquiri, Bacia do Camaquã. I Encontro sobre a Estratigrafia do Rio Grande do Sul: Escudo e Bacias, Porto Alegre, 2003, 111-115.

Chemale Jr., F., 2000. Evolução geológica do Escudo Sul-rio-grandense. In: M. Holz and L.F. De Ros (Eds.) Geologia do Rio Grande do Sul. CIGO-UFRGS 13-52.

CPRM, 1995. Folha Passo do Salsinho SH-22-Y-A-I-4, Escala 1:50.000. Programa Levantamentos Geológicos Básicos do Brasil, Brasília, 339 pp.

DePaolo, D.J., 1988. Neodymium Isotope Geochemistry. Springer- Verlag, Berlin, 187 pp.

Dickinson, W.R., 1985. Interpreting provenance relations from detrital modes of sandstones. In: G.G. Zuffa (Ed.) Provenance of Arenites. NATO ASI Series C 148, Reidel, Dordrecht 333-362.

Dickinson, W.R. and C.A. Suczek, 1979. Plate tectonics and sandstone compositions. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 63:2164-2182.

Dickinson, W.R., I.S. Beard, G.R. Brakenridge, J.L. Erjavec, R.C. Ferguson, K.F. Inman, R.A. Knepp, F.A. Lindber and P.T. Ryberg, 1983. Provenance of North American Phanerozoic sandstones in relation to tectonic setting. Geological Society of America Bulletin 93:222-235.

DOCEGEO, 1977. Relatório Preliminar de Pesquisa. Titulares: Mineração Santarém Ltda. e Mineração Jatapú, Caçapava do Sul, RS.

Farmer, G.L., G. Espinoza, M. Morales, M.W. Martín, and S.A. Bowring, 2001. Nd isotope constraints on sources of Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian siliciclastic sedimentary rocks in northern Sonora. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 14:437-446.

Flores, J.A.A., 1992. O Boro nos sedimentitos da Formação Arroio dos Nobres, Proterozóico superior do Escudo Sul-rio-grandense. In: I Workshop sobre as bacias molássicas brasilianas, Boletim de Resumos Expandidos 31-34.

Flores, J.A.A., E.F. Lima and D.A. Pintaúde, 1992. Caracterização da seqüência vulcano-sedimentar do Membro Mangueirão na área do Cerro da Árvore, Encruzilhada do Sul. In: I Workshop sobre as bacias molássicas brasilianas, Boletim de Resumos Expandidos 39-43.

Frantz, J.C., J.C. Marques and L.A. Hartmann, 2003. Assessment of the Dom Feliciano Belt: some implications for the tectonic modeling of the Brasiliano Cycle in southern Brazil. In: I Encontro sobre a estratigrafia do Rio Grande do Sul: Escudo e Bacias 58-62.

Gastal, M.C.P. and J.M. Lafon, 1998. Gênese e evolução dos granitóides metaluminosos de afinidade alcalina da porção oeste do Escudo Sul-rio-grandense: geoquímica e isótopos de Rb-Sr e Pb- Pb. Revista Brasileira de Geociências 28:11-28.

Gastal, M.C.P. and J.M. Lafon, 2001. Novas idades 207Pb/206Pb e geoquímica Nd-Sr para granitóides shoshoníticos e alcalinos das regiões de Lavras do Sul e Taquarembó, RS. In: Congresso Brasileiro de Geoquímica 7, Anais em CD-ROM, 7 p.

Gastal, M.C.P., J.M. Lafon and E. Koester, 2003. Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes for minettes and granitoids from the Lavras do Sul Intrusive Complex, RS. In: South American Symposium on Isotope Geology 4, 2003, Salvador, Short papers 2:564-567.

Gleason, J.D., P.J. Patchett, W.R. Dickinson and J. Ruiz, 1994. Nd isotopes link Ouachita turbidites to Appalachian sources. Geology 22:347-350.

Gleason, J.D., P.J. Patchett, W.R. Dickinson and J. Ruiz, 1995. Nd isotopic constraints on sediment sources of the Ouachita-Marathon fold belt. Geological Society of America Bulletin 107:1192-1210.

Goñi, J.C., H. Goso and R.S. Issler, 1962. Estratigrafia e geologia econômica do pré-Cambriano e Eopaleozóico Uruguaio e Sul-rio- grandense. In: Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia 16:5-33.

Harnois, L., 1988. The CIW index: a new chemical index of weathering. Sedimentary Geology 55:319-322.

Hartmann, L.A., L.C.Silva, M.V.D. Remus, J.A.D. Leite and R.P. Phillip, 1998. Evolução geotectônica do Sul do Brasil e Uruguai entre 3,3 Ga e 470 Ma. II Congreso Uruguayo de Geología, Actas, Punta del Este, Uruguay, 277-284.

Hartmann, L.A., J.A.D. Leite, N.J. McNaughton and J.O.S. Santos, 1999. Deepest exposed crust of Brazil -SHRIMP establishes three events. Geology 27:947-950.

Hartmann, L.A., A.P. Lopes, Y. Wang, D. Liu and M.A.Z. Vasconcellos, 2003. Oceanic plateau accretion at 705 Ma in the southern Brazilian Shield. In: South American Symposium on Isotope Geology 4, Salvador, Short papers 1, 178.

Jost, H. and M.F.A.S. Bitencourt, 1980. Estratigrafia e tectônica de uma fração da Faixa de dobramentos Tijucas no Rio Grande do Sul. Acta Geologica Leopoldensia 4:27-59.

Leinz, V., A.F. Barbosa and E. Teixeira, 1941. Mapa Geológico Caçapava-Lavras. Boletim 90, Secretaria da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio - RS, 39 pp.

Leite, J.A.D., N.J. McNaughton, L.A. Hartmann, F. Chemale Jr. and M.V.D. Remus, 1995. SHRIMP U/Pb zircon dating applied to the determination of tectonic events: the example of the Caçapava do Sul Batholith, Pedreira Inducal, Caçapava do Sul, Brazil. In: V Simpósio Nacional de Estudos Tectônicos, Gramado, 389-390.

Leite, J.A.D., L.A. Hartmann, N.J. McNaughton and F. Chemale Jr., 1998. SHRIMP U/Pb zircon geochronology of Neoproterozoic juvenile and crustal-reworked terranes in southernmost Brazil. International Geology Reviews 40:688-705.

Lima, E.F. and L.V.S. Nardi, 1998. O vulcanismo shoshonítico e alcalino da Bacia do Camaquã: Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil. In: II Congreso Uruguayo de Geología 263-268.

McBride, E.F., 1985. Diagenetic processes that affect provenance determinations in sandstone. In: G.G. Zuffa (Ed.) Provenance of Arenites. NATO ASI Series C 148, Reidel, Dordrecht, 95-113.

McLennan, S.M., S.R. Taylor, M.T. McCulloch and J.B. Maynard, 1990. Geochemical and Nd-Sr isotopic composition of deep-sea turbidites: crustal evolution and plate tectonic associations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54:2015-2050.

Nardi, L.V.S., 1984. Geochemistry and petrology of the Lavras Granite Complex, RS, Brazil. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, London University, 268 pp.

Nardi, L.V.S. and E.F. Lima, 2000. O magmatismo shoshonítico e alcalino da Bacia do Camaquã-RS. In: M. Holz and L.F. De Ros (Eds.) Geologia do Rio Grande do Sul, CIGO-UFRGS, 119-131.

Nelson, B.K. and D.J. DePaolo, 1988. Comparison of isotopic and petrographic provenance indicators in sediments from Tertiary continental basins of New Mexico. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 58:348-357.

Nesbitt, H.W. and G.M. Young, 1982. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major chemistry of lutites. Nature 299:715-717.

Paim, P.S.G., F. Chemale Jr. and R.C. Lopes, 2000. A Bacia do Camaquã. In: M. Holz and L.F. De Ros (Eds.) Geologia do Rio Grande do Sul, CIGO-UFRGS, 231-274.

Philipp, R.P. and R. Machado, 2002. Ocorrência e significado dos septos do embasamento encontrados nas suítes graníticas do Batólito Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Pesquisas em Geociências 29:43-60.

Pimentel, M.M., M.A. Dardenne, R.A. Fuck, M.G. Viana, S.L. Junges, D.P. Fischel, H.J. Seer and E.L. Dantas, 2001. Nd isotopes and the provenance of detrital sediments of the Neoproterozoic Brasília Belt, central Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 14:571-585.

Porcher, C.C., N.J. McNaughton, J.A.D. Leite, L.A. Hartmann and L.A.D. Fernandes, 1999. Idade SHRIMP em zircão: vulcanismo ácido do Complexo Metamórfico Porongos. In: I Simpósio sobre Vulcanismo e Ambientes Associados, Gramado, 110.

Remus, M.V.D, L.A. Hartmann, N.J. McNaughton and I.R. Fletcher, 1999. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages of volcanism from the São Gabriel Block, southern Brazil. In: I Simpósio Sobre Vulcanismo e Ambientes Associados, Gramado, 83.

Remus, M.V.D, L.A. Hartmann, N.J. McNaughton, D.I. Groves and I.R. Fletcher, 2000. The link between hydrothermal epigenetic copper mineralization and the Caçapava Granite of the Brasiliano Cycle in southern Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 13:191-216.

Ribeiro, M., P.R. Bocchi, P.M. Figueiredo Fº. and R.I. Tessari, 1966. Geologia da Quadrícula de Caçapava do Sul, RS. Rio de Janeiro, DNPM/DFPM. 232 pp. (Boletim 127).

Ribeiro, M. and L.M. Fantinel, 1978. Associações petrotectônicas do Escudo Sul-rio-grandense: I - Tabulação e distribuição das associações petrotectônicas do Rio Grande do Sul. Iheringia, Série Geológic 5:19-54.

Ricci-Lucchi, F., 1985. Influence of transport processes and basin geometry on sand composition. In: G.G. Zuffa (Ed.) Provenance of Arenites. NATO ASI Series C 148, Reidel, Dordrecht, 19-45.

Robertson, J.F., 1966. Revision of the stratigraphy and nomenclature of rock units in the Caçapava-Lavras region, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Notas e Estudos - IG/UFRGS, 1 (2):41-54.

Saalmann, K., L.A. Hartmann, M.V.D. Remus, E. Koester and R.V. Conceição, 2005. Sm Nd isotope geochemistry of metamorphic volcano-sedimentary successions in the São Gabriel Block, southernmost Brazil: evidence for the existence of juvenile Neoproterozoic oceanic crust to the east of the Rio de La Plata craton. Precambrian Research 136:159-175.

Saalmann, K., M.V.D. Remus and L.A. Hartmann, 2006. Structural evolution and tectonic setting of the Porongos belt, southern Brazil. Geological Magazine 143:59-88.

Sartori, P.L.P. and K. Kawashita, 1985. Petrologia e geocronologia do Batólito granítico de Caçapava do Sul, RS. In: II Simpósio Sul- Brasileiro de Geologia 102-107.

Scherer, C.M.S., P.S.G. Paim and M.A. Melo, 2003. Estratigrafia de alta resolução em sucessões flúvio-eólicas: o exemplo do Alogrupo Guaritas (Bacia do Camaquã) na localidade da Pedra Pintada, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. I Encontro sobre a Estratigrafia do Rio Grande do Sul: Escudo e Bacias. Porto Alegre, Anais, 99-104.

Soliani Jr., E., E. Koester and L.A.D. Fernandes, 2000. Geologia isotópica do Escudo Sul-rio-grandense, parte II: os dados isotópicos e interpretações petrogenéticas. In: M. Holz and L.F. De Ros (Eds.) Geologia do Rio Grande do Sul. CIGO-UFRGS, 175- 230.

Sommer, C.A., E.F. Lima, L.V.S. Nardi, J.D. Liz, R. Pierosan and B.L. Waichel, 2003. Stratigraphy of the Acampamento Velho Alloformation in the Ramada Plateau, Vila Nova do Sul region, RS. In: I Encontro sobre a Estratigrafia do Rio Grande do Sul: Escudo e Bacias. Porto Alegre, Anais, 105-110.

Taylor, S.R. and S.M. McLennan, 1985. The continental crust: its composition and evolution. Blackwell, London, 312 p.

Tickyj, H., L.A. Hartmann, M.A.Z. Vasconcellos, R.P. Philipp and M.V.D. Remus, 2004. Electron microprobe dating of monazite substantiates ages of major geological events in the southern Brazilian shield. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 16:699-713.

UFRGS, 1998. Projeto Caçapava do Sul - Mapa Geológico escala 1:50000. Trabalho de Graduação, UFRGS.

van de Kamp, P. and B.E. Leake, 1995. Petrology and geochemistry of siliciclastic rocks of mixed feldspathic and ophiolitic provenance in the Northern Apennines, Italy. Chemical Geology 122:1-20.

Vasconcellos, M.A.Z., G. Giuriatti, L.A. Hartmann, D. Liu and R.P. Philipp, 2003. Integrated geochronological and structural evaluation of the significance of detrital zircon crystals from the Porongos complex, southern Brazilian shield. South American Symposium on Isotope Geology 4, Salvador, 1:134-137.

Wildner, W., E.F. Lima, L.V.S.Nardi and C.A. Sommer, 2002. Volcanic cycles and setting in the Neoproterozoic III to Ordovician Camaquã Basin succession in southern Brazil: characteristics of post-collisional magmatism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 118:261-283.

Zhao, J.X., M.T. McCulloch and V.C. Bennett, 1992. Sm-Nd and UPb zircon isotopic constraints on the provenance of sediments of the Amadeus Basin, central Australia: evidence for REE fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56:921-940.

Zuffa, G.G., 1985. Optical analysis of arenites: influence of methodology on compositional results. In: G.G. Zuffa (Ed.) Provenance of Arenites. NATO ASI Series C 148, Reidel, Dordrecht, 165-189.