Soil-geomorphic relationships in a northeastern Patagonian tidal salt marsh, Península Valdés, Argentina

Ileana Ríos; Pablo José Bouza; Alejandro Bortolus; Yanina Idaszkin; Nicolás Scivetti

Autores/as

Ileana Ríos Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB). Boulevard Brown 3051, CP U9120 ACF, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina CP U9120 ACF. Puerto Madryn, Chubut,
Pablo José Bouza IPGP - CONICET
Alejandro Bortolus Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC CONICET, CCT CENPAT). Boulevard Brown 2825. CP U9120 ACF. Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
Yanina Idaszkin Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC CONICET, CCT CENPAT). Boulevard Brown 2825. CP U9120 ACF. Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
Nicolás Scivetti Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología (IPGP CONICET, CCT CENPAT). Boulevard Brown 2825. CP U9120 ACF. Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina

Palabras clave:

pirita framboidal, suelos sulfato ácido potenciales, isótopos estables de carbono

Resumen

Los ecosistemas de marismas han sido ampliamente estudiados sobre la base de la interacción entre procesos geomorfológicos y geoecológicos, pero en Patagonia actualmente se desconoce un enfoque geoquímico del suelo. Este trabajo se llevó a cabo en la marisma de Riacho San José, Patagonia, Argentina, con el objetivo de establecer la relación entre el suelo y la geomorfología, centrándose en el análisis geoquímico y los cambios en la vegetación (plantas con ruta de fotosíntesis C3 vs. C4). El análisis geoquímico se centró en la presencia de materiales sulfídicos y su potencial para la generación ácida, mientras que la relación vegetación-geomorfología se determinó a través de la composición de ?¹³C de la materia orgánica del suelo. Para ello, se realizaron descripciones de suelos y análisis de laboratorio de muestras de suelos. Los suelos de las marismas de Riacho corresponden al Orden Entisol y al Suborden Aquents. Los suelos correspondientes a las unidades de vegetación Sarcocornia perennis y Limonium brasiliense fueron clasificados como Hydraquents Sódicos, los cuales fueron asociados planicies de marea entre sistemas de cordones litorales holocenos. Por otro lado, el suelo correspondiente a la unidad de vegetación Spartina alterniflora se clasificó como Sulfaquents Háplicos los que se relacionan con los niveles de marisma baja, donde las condiciones de encharcamiento del suelo son favorables para la formación de materiales sulfídicos. Estos suelos son considerados suelos sulfatados ácidos potenciales (PASS) debido a la generación de ácido sulfúrico por procesos de oxidación. Por lo tanto, la oxidación extrema de estos suelos podría liberar metales. La composición de isótopos ?¹³C de la materia orgánica del suelo, en combinación con la relación C/N, indica que los horizontes arenosos C de los suelos correspondientes a niveles altos de marismas constituirían marismas pioneras, lo que es coherente con el desarrollo de las marismas del Holoceno. El modelo de zonificación vegetal responde a la sucesión ecológica según la evolución geomorfológica. Sin embargo, futuros estudios isotópicos serán necesarios para determinar las contribuciones de diferentes fuentes tanto de escorrentía superficial de materia orgánica de ecosistemas continentales como de materia orgánica de origen marino.

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