Volcaniclastic sediment input and environmental responses of fluvial systems: exploring a Cretaceous example from Patagonia

Pablo Villegas; Aldo Martín Umazano

Autores/as

Pablo Villegas INCITAP (CONICET-UNLPam)
Aldo Martín Umazano

Palabras clave:

respuestas fluviales, procesos eólicos, influjo volcaniclástico, actividad tectónica, cambio climático, Cretácico, Patagonia

Resumen

El aporte de grandes volúmenes de sedimentos volcaniclásticos provoca importantes cambios y desequilibrios en los sistemas naturales, con el consiguiente reajuste de los ambientes depositacionales. En los sistemas fluviales esto puede afectar la hidrogeomorfología, los procesos sedimentarios (e.g., el desarrollo de procesos eólicos), la composición de los detritos, las características del suelo y los ecosistemas. En consecuencia, algunos cambios detectados en el registro sedimentario pueden estar vinculados con el suministro de sedimentos volcaniclásticos, principalmente en posiciones cercanas a las fuentes de suministro. En este contexto, el intervalo estratigráfico Cretácico de la cuenca Somuncurá-Cañadón Asfalto (Argentina) analizado en el depocentro Gorro Frigio, ofrece la posibilidad de testear la evolución temporal de un sistema fluvial en relación con los cambios en el influjo de material volcaniclástico procedente de una fuente lejana. El objetivo de esta contribución es evaluar en detalle las respuestas paleoambientales registradas en los miembros Bardas Coloradas superior y Puesto La Paloma de las formaciones Los Adobes y Cerro Barcino, respectivamente, así como vincular estos cambios con todos los controles alocíclicos sobre la sedimentación. Se definieron siete asociaciones de facies que incluyen: canal fluvial de baja sinuosidad (FA1), canal de crevasse meandriforme (FA2), lóbulo de desbordamiento (FA3), planicie de inundación distal (FA4), sistema eólico (FA5), flujos mantiformes (FA6) y canal volcaniclástico (FA7). Estas asociaciones de facies son agrupadas en tres intervalos estratigráficos informales: el intervalo estratigráfico inferior A (Miembro Bardas Coloradas superior, 35 m de espesor) incluye canales fluviales de baja sinuosidad, permanentes, que transportaban una carga de fondo arenosa hacia el NO; junto con zonas de llanuras de inundación con vegetación, caracterizadas por la presencia de canales de crevasse meandriformes, lóbulos de desbordamiento y lagos someros o zonas de encharcamiento. El intervalo estratigráfico intermedio B (Miembro Puesto La Paloma inferior, 11-16 m de espesor) registra un sistema eólico volcaniclástico compuesto por dunas eólicas 2D que migraron hacia el SE y se relacionaron espacialmente con zonas de interduna húmeda y seca, donde la sedimentación ocurrió mayoritariamente a partir de la decantación subacuática y subaérea de sedimentos volcaniclásticos suspendidos, respectivamente. El intervalo estratigráfico suprayacente C (Miembro Puesto La Paloma superior, 6-18 m de espesor) registra una sedimentación fluvial, rica en sedimentos volcaniclásticos, caracterizada por flujos no confinados, altamente concentrados de sedimentos o diluidos, lateralmente relacionado con áreas de encharcamiento. Localmente existía un canal alimentador que transportaba gravas volcaniclásticas hacia el NO. La evaluación de los controles alocíclicos sugiere que la variación en el influjo de sedimentos volcaniclásticos fue el principal control que gobernó los cambios en los sistemas depositacionales. En consecuencia, la actividad tectónica, el eustatismo, la morfología del basamento y los cambios climáticos tampoco habrían ejercido un rol importante.

Citas

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