Volcaniclastic input and environmental responses of fluvial systems: exploring a Cretaceous example from Patagonia

Pablo Villegas; Aldo Martín Umazano

Autores/as

Pablo Villegas INCITAP (CONICET-UNLPam)
Aldo Martín Umazano

Palabras clave:

fluvial responses, aeolian processes, volcaniclastic input, tectonic activity, climate change, cretaceous, patagonia

Resumen

The input of large volumes of volcaniclastic sediments causes significant changes and imbalances in natural systems, with the consequent readjustment of depositional environments. In fluvial systems, this can affect the hydrogeomorphology, sedimentary processes (e.g., the development of aeolian processes), composition of detritus, soil features, and ecosystems. Consequently, some changes detected in the sedimentary record can be usually linked to volcaniclastic sediment supply, mainly in near vent positions. In this context, the analyzed Cretaceous stratigraphic interval of the Somuncurá-Cañadón Asfalto Basin (Argentina) in the Gorro Frigio depocenter, offers the possibility of testing the temporal evolution of a fluvial system in relation to changes in the influx of volcaniclastic material from a distant source. The goal of this contribution is to evaluate in detail the paleoenvironmental responses registered in the upper Bardas Coloradas and Puesto La Paloma members of the Los Adobes and Cerro Barcino formations, respectively, as well as to link these changes to all allocyclic controls on sedimentation. Seven facies associations were defined including low sinuosity fluvial channel (FA1), meandering-like crevasse channel (FA2), crevasse splay (FA3), distal floodplain (FA4), aeolian (FA5), sheet-floods (FA6), and volcaniclastic channel (FA7). These FAs are arranged in three informal stratigraphic intervals: the lower stratigraphic interval A (upper Bardas Coloradas Member, 35 m thick) includes low sinuosity fluvial channels which transported a sandy bedload towards the NW, together with vegetated floodplain zones characterized by the presence of meandering-like crevasse channels, crevasse splays, and shallow lakes or ponded zones. The intermediate stratigraphic interval B (lower Puesto La Paloma Member, 11-16 m thick) records a volcaniclastic-rich aeolian system composed of 2D aeolian dunes that migrated towards SE and were spatially related to wet- and dry-interdune zones where the sedimentation mostly occurred from subaqueous and subaerial settling of suspended volcaniclastic sediments, respectively. The overlying stratigraphic interval C (upper Puesto La Paloma Member, 6-18 m thick) indicates volcaniclastic-rich fluvial sedimentation characterized by unconfined flows, which were sediment-laden or diluted, and showing lateral relationships with ponded areas. Locally, there was a volcaniclastic channel that transported volcaniclastic gravels towards the NW. The assessment of allocyclic controls suggests that the variations in the volcaniclastic sediment supply were the main control governing the changes in the depositional systems. Consequently, the tectonic activity, eustatic sea-level modifications, basement morphology, and climatic changes would not have played an important role.

Citas

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